Ubuntu 支持 arm64 构架的项目构建

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Ubuntu 支持 arm64 构架的项目构建

使用 sudo dpkg --add-architecture arm64 支持 arm64 的项目构建

          sudo dpkg --add-architecture arm64
          sudo bash -c 'cat > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/arm64.list <<EOF
          deb [arch=arm64] http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ jammy main restricted
          deb [arch=arm64] http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-updates main restricted
          deb [arch=arm64] http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
          EOF'
          sudo sed -i -e 's/deb http/deb [arch=amd64] http/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
          sudo sed -i -e 's/deb mirror/deb [arch=amd64] mirror/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
          sudo apt-get update
          sudo apt-get install -y curl wget libicu-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev zlib1g-dev libkrb5-dev clang llvm binutils-aarch64-linux-gnu gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu zlib1g-dev:arm64

jetsung

构建 arm64 项目

先决条件

确认 ubuntu 版本为 Ubuntu 24.04

lsb_release -a

显示：

$ lsb_release -a

No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 24.04.2 LTS
Release:        24.04
Codename:       noble

启用 arm64 架构

dpkg --print-foreign-architectures

如果输出包含 arm64，则已启用。如果没有，添加 arm64 架构：

sudo dpkg --add-architecture arm64

检查默认源配置

cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources

配置 arm64 软件源

sudo bash -c 'cat > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/arm64.list <<EOF
deb [arch=arm64] http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ noble main restricted
deb [arch=arm64] http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ noble-updates main restricted
deb [arch=arm64] http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse
EOF'

确保 amd64 源不冲突
确认默认源（/etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources）已限制为 amd64 架构。如果未明确指定，可以手动编辑或通过命令添加 Architectures: amd64（通常默认已正确配置）。检查：

grep Architectures /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources

如果需要修改，备份并编辑：

sudo sed -i.bak '/^Components:/a Architectures: amd64' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources

更新软件包索引

sudo apt update

验证 libc6:arm64 可用性

apt-cache policy libc6:arm64

输出：

libc6:arm64:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 2.39-0ubuntu8.2
  Version table:
     2.39-0ubuntu8.2 500
        500 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports noble-updates/main arm64 Packages

安装 libc6:arm64

sudo apt-get install -y libc6:arm64

这将安装 ld-linux-aarch64.so.1 等 arm64 动态链接器和库。

验证动态链接器

ls /usr/aarch64-linux-gnu/lib/ld-linux-aarch64.so.1

如果文件存在，QEMU 应该可以正常工作。

运行 arm64 程序

qemu-aarch64 -L /usr/aarch64-linux-gnu/lib ./helloworld

输出：

Hello, World! This is an ARM64 binary.

编译

保存代码 helloworld.c：

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    printf("Hello, World! This is an ARM64 binary.\n");
    return 0;
}

交叉编译为 arm64

aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc -o helloworld helloworld.c

若报错：

aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc -o
zsh: command not found: aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc

则需要先安装

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu g++-aarch64-linux-gnu binutils-aarch64-linux-gnu

检测是否已安装

aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc --version

显示为

$ aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc --version

aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc (Ubuntu 13.3.0-6ubuntu2~24.04) 13.3.0
Copyright (C) 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

可以使用 llvm 编译

sudo apt-get install clang lld

clang --target=aarch64-linux-gnu -o helloworld helloworld.c

验证文件

file helloworld

显示为

$ file helloworld

helloworld: ELF 64-bit LSB pie executable, ARM aarch64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /lib/ld-linux-aarch64.so.1, BuildID[sha1]=8028ddcb6c08142f20a37dddd2f98b58b13056d9, for GNU/Linux 3.7.0, not stripped

测试

安装 qemu-user

sudo apt-get install qemu-user

测试

qemu-aarch64 ./helloworld

报错：

$ qemu-aarch64 ./helloworld

qemu-aarch64: Could not open '/lib/ld-linux-aarch64.so.1': No such file or directory

遇到此问题，按先决条件方式解决。
正常输出：

Hello, World! This is an ARM64 binary.